Tag: speakyourroots

  • Ym lap lieng and Kylla lieng

    Kylla lieng

    Ka jingong "kylla lieng" ka thew ïa ka jingwan shoh tyndep ka pyrthei nemsniew ban pynduk pynshitom ïa u ba don ba em. Ka dei ruh ka jingkylla khongpong ka jingim na ka im suk im saiñ sha ka kordit tam. Shuh shuh, kine ki kyntien ki batai ïa ka jingshah lynshop ha ka jingsniew bok, ba wan ban ka jingpang jingshitom haduh ba u briew um lah bteng shuh ïa ka kam ba u la pyrshang.

    The Khasi phrase "kylla lieng" is the harrowing arrival of famine or an epidemic causing suffering and poverty for even those who are well-to-do. The phrase also refers to the reversal or the turning upside down of an easy life to calamity and ruin. Further, the words also mean to be wracked by bad luck, that is caused by illness to the point that a person cannot continue with his work.

    Ym lap lieng

    Ka jingong "ym lap lieng" ka batai ïa ka jingkyrkieh kum bym don por ne lap briew shuh. Ka kren ruh ïa ka jingsheptieng ba ïoh shah iehnoh bym lap kem shuh ïa ka lieng.

    The Khasi phrase "ym lap lieng" is to be in so much haste that we are out of time or we cannot find the people we need to meet. The phrase also talks about the fear that one experiences in case they don't arrive on time to reach the boat.

    "Ym lap lieng" and "Kylla lieng" are two Khasi idioms using a boat as the metaphor ⛵🚤🛥️

    🟡 Sources: Rev. Dr. Ïarington Kharkongor and by Primrose G. Gatphoh.

    English translation by @speakyourroots

  • Ka Rngiew: A perspective from Dr. Margaret Lyngdoh, University of Tartu, Estonia

    In the Christian worldview, a person is made of the body, mind, and soul. In the traditional Khasi perspective, a person is made up of met, mynsiem, and rngiew. While met is the body, mynsiem is breath. Rngiew is what invests a body with personhood and it stays with a person through life. It is the quality that allows a person to remain impervious to the evil eye or ka sabuit. Thus the term longbriew means the nature of being "human" or the nature of an entity who is endowed with rngiew.

    There is no English word to approximate this Khasi concept. In its simplest explanation, rngiew is what makes a person human. Further, the Khasi word for breath, mynsiem has been adapted to fit the Western idea of the "soul" or even, "spirit". I cite, Lyngdoh, Margaret (2021). "Landscapes of Enchantment and their Usage: A Critical Case-Study from the Khasi Ethnic Community, Northeast India'' in Graham Harvey and Opinderjit Kaur Takhar (Ed.). "Religion and Senses of Place'' UK: Equinox Publications. (Religion and The Senses) [forthcoming]:

    A being is made up of Ka met (lit. body). ka mynsiem (lit. breath) and ka rngiew. To ‘be' a human being (longbriew), the Supreme Being must clothe the being with a rngiew. I will quote my interlocutor, Sweetymon Rynjah on this, "Ka Rgiew ka dei ka bor maia ba kynja Blei, ba u Blei u la pynkup, pynphong ia u briew ha ka jingwan longbriew jong u' (20 November 2015)".

    I paraphrase: The Rngiew is an ability that is god-like, that the Supreme Being clothes or invests a being with when he/she comes out of the womb initially divine, and then whatever he/she acquires or achieves in a lifetime is dependent on him-/her-self. The rngiew stays with a person through life and is reflected in the person's being and stature. If their (jinglong mynsiem) personality, spirit, essence, strength of character, nature, principles, moral fortitude etc. are in line with, 'Ka tip briew ka tip blei and ka tip hok tip sot' (lit. living a good life in accordance with the Covenant decreed by the Supreme Being), then their rngiew is strong and protects them from those who desire ill or harm to befall upon them.

    All humans and non-humans have rngiew. Ryngkew or guardian deities, have rngiew. This gives a sense of agency to a human or non-human entity. But clans also have rngiew, and in different contexts this can mean different things. But a strong rngiew of a clan can protect a clan from extinction. When we refer to the clan in this context, we use the words “longkur longkha". But rngiew is always a strong, positive quality that remains with humans, places, non-humans (like ancestors and guardian deities) all their lifetime. The first ancestress, Iawbei also has rngiew, especially because they have to look after the well being of a clan and further it's progress and prosperity. Even though we live in a state of rapid transitions, we cannot forget these core Khasi indigenous concepts because this is an essential part of our longbriew manbriew!

    In the photo is Kre Makri, who is a Khruk, a female weretiger, from Raid Nonglyngdoh, Ri Bhoi. Her rngiew transforms into a tiger and roams around in the alternate reality, Ramïa, where notable ancestors also live. She said that while the male weretiger or sansaram (lit. five clawed) has the function of holding on the laws of the ryngkew, the female weretiger, ka khruk, has the sacred function of holding of the rngiew of the clan. The photo was taken by me and this was in the winter of 2012.

    Dr. Margaret Lyngdoh @lieng_makaw gives us what she has found in her research from the approach of Folkloristics about "Ka Rngiew", showing us that it is a far reaching concept which sheds light on the well-being of the individual, the clan and our worldview as Khasi-Jaiñtia society. Thank you @lieng_makaw ! 😀🙏

    The post on "Ka Rngiew" posted on the 5th of August 2021, garnered a lot of attention and also counter-reaction that has proved fruitful in our understanding of this unique Khasi concept. The expression and discussion of different points of view is something that is important for indigenous culture to thrive.

    No part of this material may be reproduced in any form without the consent of the author. All material for this content has been collected through primary fieldwork.

  • Sawdong ka lyngwiar dpei

    Sawdong ka lyngwiar dpei.

    Ngi shong syaid ding ban sngap

    khana i mei:

    Ki khana tang khana puriskam.

    Ki jingsneng tymmen, ha ngi i sam;

    Ban pynneh ki rukom ki riti ki

    dustur.

    Ban im ka jaitbynriew bad

    shaphrang ban iai tur!

    @dari_kupar

    "Sawdong ka lyngwiar dpei" sent by @dari_kupar 🌄🔥

    Katno ngi sngew kmen bad sngew myllung ka mynsiem haba ngi iohi ia kum kine ki lyngwiar dpei kiba bun na ngi ngim don shuh ha ïing 💜💜💜

    Thank you @dari_kupar for sending this nostalgic picture and for the heart-warming poem! 🙏

  • U ‘Wai Laper (U Waisoh Laper)

    U Wái Laper is a different and smaller species of kwai or areca nut. The tree of this kwai does not grow as tall as the regular kwai. Growing in the summer season, its cover is thin and it is quite tasty even though it can be hard and tough to chew. This smaller species of Kwai grows in the War Khasi and War Jaintia areas. Please tell us more if you know about U Wái Laper!

    "U Wái Laper" is a miniature version of the regular Khasi kwai (Betel nut) which people say is quite tasty 😀😀

    Thank you @nongkyndong_lens for sending this entry! 🙏

  • Khasi Adverbs

    Btáj-btáj ka mut kaba kynja ba dambit ne bit nah/ soft and sticky.

    Wur-wur ka mut kaba kylluid ne kaba ïar/ something loose or wide.

    Wap-wap, wep-wep ka mut ba jem tlot, kumba jem u briew ba pang swai/ someone who is frail and delicate because of ill health.

    Ryngmang-ryngmang ka mut kaei kaei kaba long kyndit khlem da pyrkhat ne khmih lynti lypa/ something unexpected and unforeseen.

    Jngaiñ-jngaiñ ka mut kaba ïong shikatdei kum ka um ba jylliew/ something dark like very deep water.

    Ngaiñ-ngaiñ ka mut kaba dum tliw bad ka thew ïa ka jingdum jong ka bneng/ very dark and usually refers to the darkness of the sky.

    Pharúh-phareh ka mut ha ka rukom ka bym suitniew/ careless, reckless, clumsy.

    Khasi adverbs bring character and substance to the Khasi language! 💬🗯️💭 They describe actions, colour, emotion and so many things with a dramatic effect that is not easily translated.

  • Bam sohphan mano, bit thit shano

    Ka jingong "Bam sohphan mano, bit thit shano" ka mut ba ïa u sohphan nang bam hun sha lade bad nang kyllan ïa ka thit sha kiwei. Kane ka long ka ktien mynthi kaba mut ba nang leh kiwei bad nang shah kynnoh ki bym dei; kiba leh ki ïoh ka ïaroh bad ki bym leh ki shah ka kynnoh.

    The Khasi phrase "Bam sohphan mano, bit thit shano" literally means the one who hogs the jackfruit wipes off the jackfruit glue (birdlime) onto other people. This is an ironic statement that refers to the culprit who does not own up or confess to a wrong doing, letting the blame fall on others. Thus, this describes the unjust situation of being wrongly accused of something while innocent.

    The Khasi saying "Bam sohphan mano, bit thit shano" is dripping with irony and sarcasm that is typical of Khasi sayings 😅😅

    Source: Primrose G. Gatphoh

    English translation by @speakyourroots

  • The river Phot

    These beautiful pictures have been sent by @the_shutter_bug07 😃😃 Thank you!

    He says about the river: "Ngi shait ong ka Phot. Ka dei ka wah ba wan na Mawsynram, na Nohkalikai, Daiñthlen…lai pateng khohsiew. Ka iaid lyngba ka shnong Nongriat bad ka poi ha kjat Nongwar bad ka leit mih sha Shella."

    "We call the river Phot. It comes from Mawsynram village, from Nohkalikai and Daiñthlen falls…It passes through the village of Nongriat and then Nongwar and finally flows to Shella."

  • Different cuts of Pork in Khasi

    Doh Tdong – Ham/ Leg

    Doh Krung – Ribs

    Doh Ryndang – Pork Butt and Pork Shoulder

    Doh Kjat – Trotters

    Doh Khlieh – Head

    Jabieng – Brain

    Thied jabieng – Spinal Cord

    Doh Jem – Liver, intestines and doh saw dkhot

    Doh sawdkhot – Liver, kidney, spleen, heart

    'Nierbah – Stomach or Large intestine?

    'Nier Dong – Small intestine?

    'Nier Pyllon – Small intestine?

    Doh Snam – Blood sausage

    Don't we love our dohsniang? Pork constitutes a significant part of the Khasi diet from the head to the trotters 😅😂🐷🐷

    Dohjem and dohsnam are mouth-watering delicacies that are well-known!

    Please let us know about the large and small intestines. We've kept question marks against them. 😄

  • U Sawathang

    "U Sawathang" is a Pnar vegetable that has now become common and is widely eaten among the Khasis too. It is so bitter that you have to throw away the first batch of water that is used to boil it. It's like a mini Karela/ Bitter Gourd with a 100 times more punch!

    Wow ka jingkthang, phin shu kyrngah ngang ngang! 😂😅

    It is cooked with black sesame seed on its own. Sometimes pork is added to it or it is also cooked with tungrymbai (fermented soya bean).

    If there are any ethno-botanists who can tell us the scientific name or the English name of "U Sawathang" it will be great! 😃

  • The Origin of Lightning

    Mynhyndai eh, mynba ki sim-ki-doh, ki khniang ki puit, ki mrad ki mreng baroh ki dang ïakren bad ïasngewthuh kawei ka ktien, la don ka hima-bah jong u laiphew mrad laiphew mreng baroh. Baroh ki ïashong ïa-im ha ka suk ka saiñ, ka jingïaieid ïabha bad ki ïaleit ïawan ruh ryngkat. Kim tip kata ka ïashun ïapen, ka ïakajia majia, ka ïadait ka ïapyniap para ki hi.

    Ha kawei ka sngi, u Shakyllia, u Diengkhied bad u Risang haba ki dang ïa ïaid knmih shnong khmih thaw, ki wan poi hajan kawei ka lympung, ha kaba u khun bynriew u ïashad ïamastieh shisien shisnem. Kine baroh lai ki la sngew shohmynsiem ïa kata ka leh u bynriew bad ki la ïapyrkhat ba kan long kaba sngewbha bad itynnat lada kin lah ban pynlong kum kata hapdeng u laiphew mrad baroh. Kumta haba ki la leit phai, u Diengkhied bad la ka shaw-shaw, u Shakyllia bad la ka tangmuri, u Risang bad la ka ksing, ki la ïaput ïatem haduh ba la sawa ka khlaw baroh kawei.

    Kane ka tem ka put basngewtynnad, ka la pynkhih ïa u laiphew mrad baroh ban wan ïapeit bad ïasngapkai. Katto katne na ki, ki la ïaong ba haba ki la don ki nongput nongtem kiba kum kita, balei ba kim lah ban pynlong sa ka shad ka kmen, kumba leh lem u bynriew?

    Kumta ki la ïabuh ïa uwei uba kham-nang kham tip ka talat kam shane shatai, bad uba kham tbit ruh ha ki kam sngewbha. Une u long u Pyrthat. Ma u pat, ban leit pyntip ïa ka hima sima baroh kawei ban long kum kata ka phur ka siang, u la shna kawei ka nakra kaba lah ban ïohsngew shaduh jngai bah, bad u la tied da kata kyndung shi kyndung bad step bad sngi. Ynda kata ka ïa ka la poi, u laiphew mrad phew mreng baroh u la ïawan poi ha ka lympung kaba la khreh lypa hangta ha khlaw. Baroh ki la ïa riam ïa beit da ki kup-ki-sem tyngkai, ki ïarkhie bad iphuhmat.

    Ka Shrieh ka la pynsad pynkhyllong bha ïa la ki khun bad ka la rkhie phuhmut phuhmat haduh ba ka dam sa ka khmut ka khmat. U Sñiang ruh u la sum la sleh jriang bad u la ïaid wiat-samrkhie haduh ba la ang shynded sa ka khmut, kum ka shata. Ka Dkhoh ka la sad la khyllong bha, bad ka la nap tang ka peit ït haduh ban da plaid ki irmat bad byrie. Bad u Dkhan pat uba la rkhie ïap-ang ïap-ler ïa ka, u la dam la rit sa ki khmat. U 'Labasa bad u 'La-thapsim, ki la sei da ki khor ki khriam bad ki la kup la deng baroh shirynïeng.

    Te, haba la sdang ka put ka tem, ka ksing, ka tangmuri, ka lympung ka la shit ir. Ka kmen ka risa kum kata ym pat ju don. Ha kata ka por la wan pol u Kui, u phong u kup da ka khor ka khriam khyrwang, kaba phyrnai na khlieh ha kjat bad u la rah ruh la ka waitlam rupa kaba u la phah shna khnang na ka bynta ka shad ka kmen. Tang shu poi tiap ha lympung, u mastieh ir, u pynshad wait sha kadiang bad sha kamon haduh ba u paid peitkai u la shoh biej thiaw bad u ïarisa shaw shi shaw. U Kui pat u la sngewsarong sngewmeng haduh bym lah ong shuh.

    Haba la shong thait u Kui, u Pyrthat u la ïapankai ïa ka wait jong u ba un khalai kai shipor. U Kui u la sngewbynnud ban ai, ïoh u Pyrthat un shad kham bha ban ïa u bad ïoh baroh kin ïaroh. Kumta u la kren da rapjot da kumne kumtai, hynrei um banse ban ai, haba baroh baroh ki ban ia u ba u dei ban ai, namar ka jingheh jingkhraw jong kata ka shad ka kmen ka long na ka jingtrei shitom jong u Pyrthat. Te u Pyrthat, u tang shu ïoh ïa kata ka wait, u king-u-mastieh, haduh ba la i biria hi khait. Baroh ki la ïarisa bad ïaroh ia u.

    Hynrei hapdeng kata ka jingïarisa, u Pyrthat u tied u talaiñ shane shatai ïa kata ka wait haduh ba u laiphew mrad baroh bad baheh bad barit u la sheptieng ym don pyrthei shuh bad u ïaphet sakma. Hapdeng kane ka jingkulmar, u Pyrthat, u kiew de soit sha sahit bneng, u rah jyndat bad ksing bad wait. U Kui u la sngewsih shibun ba u la duh noh ïa la ka wait, bad u ïai pyrshang ban ïoh kiew sha sahit ban ïoh knieh biang na u Pyrthat uba la shukor ïa u.

    Naduh kata, sa mih ka jingïashun ïabitar hapdeng u laiphew mrad baroh.

    In the early days of the world, when the animals fraternised with mankind, they tried to emulate the manners and customs of men, and they spoke their language. Mankind held a great festival every thirteen moons, where the strongest men and the handsomest youths danced “sword dances” and contested in archery and other noble games, such as befitted their race and their tribe as men of the Hills and the Forests—the oldest and the noblest of all the tribes.

    The animals used to attend these festivals and enjoyed watching the games and the dances. Some of the younger and more enterprising among them even clamoured for a similar carnival for the animals, to which, after a time, the elders agreed; so it was decided that the animals should appoint a day to hold a great feast.

    After a period of practising dances and learning games, U Pyrthat, the thunder giant, was sent out with his big drum to summon all the world to the festival. The drum of U Pyrthat was the biggest and the loudest of all drums, and could be heard from the most remote corner of the forest; consequently a very large multitude came together, such as had never before been seen at any festival.

    The animals were all very smartly arrayed, each one after his or her own taste and fashion, and each one carrying some weapon of warfare or a musical instrument, according to the part he intended to play in the festival. There was much amusement when the squirrel came up, beating on a little drum as he marched; in his wake came the little bird Shakyllia, playing on a flute, followed by the porcupine marching to the rhythm of a pair of small cymbals.

    When the merriment was at its height U Kui, the lynx, arrived on the scene, displaying a very handsome silver sword which he had procured at great expense to make a show at the festival. When he began to dance and to brandish the silver sword, everybody applauded. He really danced very gracefully, but so much approbation turned his head, and he became very uplifted, and began to think himself better than all his neighbours. Just then U Pyrthat, the thunder giant, happened to look round, and he saw the performance of the lynx and admired the beauty of the silver sword, and he asked to have the handling of it for a short time, as a favour, saying that he would like to dance a little, but had brought no instrument except his big drum. This was not at all to U Kui's liking, for he did not want any one but himself to handle his fine weapon; but all the animals began to shout as if with one voice, saying “Shame!” for showing such discourtesy to a guest, and especially to the guest by whose kindly offices the assembly had been summoned together; so U Kui was driven to yield up his silver sword.

    As soon as U Pyrthat got possession of the sword he began to wield it with such rapidity and force that it flashed like leaping flame, till all eyes were dazzled almost to blindness, and at the same time he started to beat on his big drum with such violence that the earth shook and trembled and the animals fled in terror to hide in the jungle. During the confusion U Pyrthat leaped to the sky, taking the lynx’s silver sword with him. U Kui was very disconsolate, and has never grown reconciled to his loss. It is said of him that he has never wandered far from home since then, in order to live near a mound he is trying to raise, which he hopes will one day reach the sky. He hopes to climb to the top of it, to overtake the giant U Pyrthat, and to seize once more his silver sword.

    The Khasi folktale about the origin of lightning has for its protagonists the animals of the forest participating in a dance that would change their lives. The Khasi and English versions that have been used here have been abridged from Ki Khanatang u Barim by H. Elias, S.D.B and Folktales of the Khasis by Mrs. Rafy.